Rappaccinis Daughter Essays (1280 words) - Rappaccinis Daughter

Rappaccinis Daughter In Rappaccini's Daughter, Nathaniel Hawthorne examines the combination of good and evil in people through the relationships of the story's main characters. The lovely and yet poisonous Beatrice, the daughter of the scientist Rappaccini, is the central figure of the story, while her neighbor Giovanni becomes the observer, participant, and interpreter of the strange events that transpire within the garden next door. It is Giovanni's inability to understand these events that eventually leads to Beatrice's death. Giovanni sees things that are either all good or all bad. While he is quick to judge Beatrice, he is unable to examine his own motives and thoughts. During the story, Hawthorne gives the reader many clues of Giovanni's selfish and fickle nature. In the end, Beatrice dies because of Giovanni and his own poisonous nature. The moral of the story is that every persons character is both good and evil in nature. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses Giovanni and Beatrice to explore the impossibility of totally separating good and evil from the human character. At the beginning of the story, a young man named Giovanni Guasconti is introduced to the readers as a typical homesick student from Southern Italy. He is at once attracted to the beautiful garden next door belonging to the mysterious scientist, Dr. Rappaccini. Not only is he fascinated by the scientist and his garden, but he is instantly enchanted by Rappaccini's beautiful daughter, Beatrice. The second time Giovanni sees Beatrice from his window overlooking the garden, he notices several unusual things. First, he believes that he sees a lizard die suddenly at Beatrice's feet. Then a swarm of insects appear to die from her breath, and finally, the flowers that he gives to her seem to wither from her touch. However, Hawthorne is careful to never fully confirm what Giovanni sees. Hawthorne frequently uses words like imagine, seemed, or appeared to to cast a doubt upon the validity of what Giovanni thinks he sees. Even Giovanni himself rationalizes the situation and convinces himself th at what he thought he saw did not happen. This is because in Giovanni's mind, it is impossible to separate the physical from the spiritual. For him, if Beatrice's body is poisonous, then so is her spirit. Giovanni is unable to see the possibilities for good and bad to be simultaneously within someone. This problem is at the heart of this story and is what ultimately causes Beatrice's death. Since Giovanni allows himself to disbelieve what he had seen earlier in the garden, he is able to fall for Beatrice. Giovanni is drawn to Beatrice not because of the glamor of science, but an interest in the unknown. He knows that all is not right in Rappaccini's garden and he is fascinated with the mystery. As Giovanni and Beatrice get to know each other, they develop a strong bond. However, for Giovanni this is not true love. Hawthorne provides the reader with clues that question the integrity of Giovanni. For example, Hawthorne writes, Guasconti had not a deep heart or at all events, its depth s are not sounded now-but he had a quick fancy, and an ardent southern temperament, which rose every instant to higher fever-pitch (Hawthorne 614). Not only is Giovanni passionate in his lust for Beatrice, but he also idealizes her as an angel. While he finds her to be maiden-like, he also considers her worthy to be worshipped (Hawthorne 619). Occasionally, Giovanni's doubts come forth, And at such times, he was startled at the horrible suspicions that rose, monster-like, out of the caverns of his heart, and stared him in the face; his love grew thin and faint as the morning-mist; his doubts alone had substance (Hawthorne 620). But always, Giovanni is able to squash these doubts and he convinces himself of Beatrice's purity. He is able to do this because otherwise he could not be with her. Giovanni does not see the possibility that there can be both good and evil within someone. For him, he thinks that someone is either all good or all bad. Even after Dr. Baglioni's revelation about Beatrice, Giovanni tries not to see the possibilities of Beatrice being poisonous. It is only when he realizes that now he too is poisonous

A Calculator Example Program (With Java Code)

A Calculator Example Program (With Java Code) The following Java code is for a simple calculator. There are nine JButtons to represent the numbers 1 to 9, and three JButtons for addition, subtraction and totaling the result. A JTextField at the top keeps track of the numbers being pressed and the result of the arithmetic operation. Java Code The purpose of this Java program  is to show how to implement an  ActionListener  interface for handling JButton button  event  clicks by using the containing class, an inner class, and  an anonymous inner class. //Imports are listed in full to show whats being used //could just import javax.swing.* and java.awt.* etc.. import java.awt.EventQueue; import java.awt.GridLayout; import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JPanel; import javax.swing.JTextField; import javax.swing.JButton; import java.awt.Container; public class SimpleCalc implements ActionListener{ JFrame guiFrame; JPanel buttonPanel; JTextField numberCalc; int calcOperation 0; int currentCalc; //Note: Typically the main method will be in a //separate class. As this is a simple one class //example its all in the one class. public static void main(String[] args) { //Use the event dispatch thread for Swing components EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() { Override public void run() { new SimpleCalc(); } }); } public SimpleCalc() { guiFrame new JFrame(); //make sure the program exits when the frame closes guiFrame.setDefaultClo seOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); guiFrame.setTitle(Simple Calculator); guiFrame.setSize(300,300); //This will center the JFrame in the middle of the screen guiFrame.setLocationRelativeTo(null); numberCalc new JTextField(); numberCalc.setHorizontalAlignment(JTextField.RIGHT); numberCalc.setEditable(false); guiFrame.add(numberCalc, BorderLayout.NORTH); buttonPanel new JPanel(); //Make a Grid that has three rows and four columns buttonPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(4,3)); guiFrame.add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER); //Add the number buttons for (int i1;i10;i) { addButton(buttonPanel, String.valueOf(i)); } JButton addButton new JButton(); addButton.setActionCommand(); OperatorAction subAction new OperatorAction(1); addButton.addActionListener(subAction); JButton subButton new JButton(-); subButton.setActionCommand(-); OperatorAction addAction new OperatorAction(2); subButton.addActionListener(addAction); JButton equalsButton new JButton(); equalsButton.setActionCommand(); eq ualsButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { if (!numberCalc.getText().isEmpty()) { int number Integer.parseInt(numberCalc.getText()); if (calcOperation 1) { int calculate currentCalc number; numberCalc.setText(Integer.toString(calculate)); } else if (calcOperation 2 { int calculate currentCalc - number; numberCalc.setText(Integer.toString(calculate)); } } } }); buttonPanel.add(addButton); buttonPanel.add(subButton); buttonPanel.add(equalsButton); guiFrame.setVisible(true); } //All the buttons are following the same pattern //so create them all in one place. private void addButton(Container parent, String name) { JButton but new JButton(name); but.setActionCommand(name); but.addActionListener(this); parent.add(but); } //As all the buttons are doing the same thing its //easier to make the class implement the ActionListener //interface and control the button clicks from one place Override public void actionPerform ed(ActionEvent event) { //get the Action Command text from the button String action event.getActionCommand(); //set the text using the Action Command text numberCalc.setText(action); } private class OperatorAction implements ActionListener { private int operator; public OperatorAction(int operation) { operator operation; } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { currentCalc Integer.parseInt(numberCalc.getText()); calcOperation operator; } } }

How Collaborative is Collaborative Writing Personal Statement - 17

How Collaborative is Collaborative Writing - Personal Statement Example Having read the writings of both professionals and fellow students, I reached the conclusion that writings vary in their genre and accordingly style and extent of formality in language. While scholarly writings sound very professional and are very formally written, essays and articles written by my fellow students reflected the sort of language we speak in daily life with each other. I learned that vocabulary has a very important role to play in making an assignment-sound professional. One of the quickest ways that can be employed to supply more information with basic sentence patterns is writing phrases (Jones and Fairness 118). These days, it has become relatively easier to choose weighty words as MS Word gives the option of selecting synonyms for words. The less common a word is spoken in routine language, the more suitable it becomes for inserting in academic writings given it does justice to the context and projects the intended meaning as accurately as possible. Peer and collaborative work were very enjoyable and great learning experience. Collaborative writing can be defined as activities related to the creation of a document by at least two authors. Collaborative components include pre-draft discussions and post-draft debates (Dillon). I learned that people’s ideas and thoughts about a subject are influenced by, and often determined by their cultural and religious affiliations and ethnic origins. Collaborative work is of immense value particularly in the contemporary increasingly multicultural work environment because it encapsulates ideas and opinions coming from a variety of backgrounds and origins. Some assignments required us to review each other’s work and respond accordingly.  

Outline summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Outline summary - Assignment Example ck of differentiation between the political and social spheres in non-Western societies, he implies that such a differentiation exists in Western societies. Diamant asserts that a strict segregation between the Western and non-Western political process will, as Rustow states in â€Å"New Horizons for Comparative Politics† (qtd. in Diamant 123), be dangerous as it would imply that the data and ideas of Western politics cannot contribute much to the non-Western systems. There is, Diamant states, no strict dichotomy between the two. He illustrates his point by quoting from Pyre’s paper, for instance, he quotes Pye’s example of a non-Western system where changes in one’s political affiliation lead up to changes in a person’s social and personal relationships, then he debunks it by stating how this is true of a Western political system as well – in the Democratic vs. Republican scenario of the US, for instance. Diamant asserts that the non-Western political process is not new and in this regard the Western political process, specifically that of Europe, in dealing with concepts such as industrialization could afford much help and guidance. The changes caused by industrialization in Western political process, â€Å"can serve as a guide for assessing the effects of a similar process on non-European traditional societies† (Diamant 125). Diamant proposes that if the typical Western ideal-type political process, based on the British political system and society, is abandoned, and in its stead some continental political system is adopted as the ideal-type, â€Å"[n]on-Western political systems would become more comprehensible and less remote† (Diamant 125). Finally, Diamant discusses and examines five of the seventeen characteristics of the non-Western model presented by Pye, and shows how these characteristics are not typically non-Western, but are in fact present in the Western political process just as much. One such characteristic is that, according to Pye, in

Cold War pattern of conflicts and its influence on international Dissertation

Cold War pattern of conflicts and its influence on international relations in the context of Vietnam War - Dissertation Example ‘Domino Effect’ was stated in viewing Russia’s increasing influence over the South East Asian regions, which was taken by America as a major threat against it (Kane, 2006, pp. 101-102). The Cold War was the most significant diplomatic concern in the post war era. The beginning of the cold war made the European countries from a dispute between them in supporting the capitalist and communist regimes. This dispute between the European nations culminated into the division of the European continent into two ideological factions. Marshall Plan, which was developed by John Marshall during 1947, signified America’s economic cooperation to develop the European continent and form a reunion. The plan signified America’s continuous interests in political, strategic and economic interests over Western Europe (Northrup, 2003, p.177). President Truman during 1947 passed his doctrine which proclaimed Cold War with the Communist regions of the world along with Soviet Russia. This anti-communist program of President Truman observed as a global policy for maintaining security targeted the communist nations as plausible threat towards obstructing America’s dominion over the East Asian countries (Murrin, Johnson, McPherson, & Gerstle, 2007, pp.1012-1013). The tension and competition between the two countries United States and Russia gained ground along their nuclear and space programs. America and Russia focused on enhancing their space technology programs to further strengthen their security dynamism and gaining political and strategic advantage. Both the countries started specializing on the development of rockets and spaceships to gain supremacy in outer space (Sagdeev & Eisenhower, 2008). In the field of nuclear technology the two countries also contested heavily with the discovery of atomic materials. America was found opposing the Soviet stands in gaining supremacy over entering into new atomic areas and discoveries (Crockatt, 1996, p. 57). The Cold War conflicts between the superpower nations belonging to the Communist and Western powers accumulated to the spreading of war in the Korean and Vietnamese territory. Russian attacks on South Korea were heavily counteracted by the American troops through the sending of required resources to the newly independent colonies, which were under French rule. United States government in their move to restrict the ascension of Russian troops to gain control over South Korea strongly conducted the opposition, which resulted in heavy combat. United States also took a firm stand of restricting Communist factions from gaining their stand in the Vietnamese regions. The government of America took control of the Southern region of Vietnam and defended further Communist aggression (Wouri, 2000). Further the region of South East Asia reflected conflicts between countries like Russia, United States and China. The end of the Cold War period led to the downfall of Russia and the rise of Un ited States to gain supremacy over the East Asian region. The period of Cold War also led to the emergence of China as a regional power through the increased collaboration of United States. Both countries United States and China however helped each other in removing Russia and gaining dominance over South East Asia (Ross, 2009, p.47). The paper attempts to find out how

Gene Therapy and Genetic Engineering for Curing Disorders

Gene Therapy and Genetic Engineering for Curing Disorders Introduction Now a days Gene therapy is a well known process of treatment of various genetic and other chronic diseases whereas, most of the drugs and vaccines have been discovered till now for almost all the kinds of diseases but still some of the diseases like cancer and AIDS are incurable. Hence, Gene therapy is seeking all the attention and is much beneficial. As gene therapy is the technique that deals with the treatment or the prevention of various diseases. Besides this, Genetic Engineering is another technique which is quite useful for designing, editing or creating a manual recombinant for the sake of getting a better trait, character or expression in the desired species i.e, recombinant insulin production in bacteria. Instead of growing human insulin in bacteria. Genetic engineering could theoretically be used to introduce the insulin gene into human cells that do not possess a functional copy. (That would still not cure diabetes unless these cells were also capable of appropriately increasing or decreasing their output of insulin according to conditions.) This type of genetic engineering is called gene therapy, the introduction of genetically engineered cells into an individual for therapeutic purposes. Three general requirements for gene therapy, first presented in 1980 should be shown in animal studies that; The new gene can be put into the correct target cells and will remain there long enough to be effective The new gene will be expressed in the cells at an appropriate level The new gene will not harm the cell or, by extension, the animal. These three requisites, summarized as delivery, expression, and safety, will each be examined in turn. These criteria are very similar to those required prior to the use of any new drug, therapeutic procedure, or surgical operation. The requirements simply state that the new treatment should get to the area of disease, correct it, and do more good than harm. Some flexibility is necessary since the criteria might be altered for a critically ill patient for whom no further conventional therapy is available. The exact definitions of what is long enough to be effective, what level is an appropriate level, and how much harm is meant by harm, are questions for ongoing discussion as more is learned about gene therapy. Ultimately, local Institutional Review Boards and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the latter through its newly created Working Group on Human Gene Therapy, must decide if a given protocol is ready for human application. Once the criteria are satisfied, that is, when the probable benefits for the patient are expected to exceed the possible risks, then attempts to cure h uman genetic disease by treatment with somatic cell gene therapy would be ethical. The goal of biomedical research is, and has always been, to alleviate human suffering. Gene therapy is a proper and logical part of that effort. (Anderson and Fletcher, 2010) Many diseases are genetically determined; for example, Huntington’s disease and cystic fibrosis (CF). Others are influenced by genes, but involve additional factors as well; for example, cancer and diabetes mellitus. Recent scientific developments make it possible for medicine to target such genetically related diseases at the molecular level, and thus offer the prospects of effective new therapies. The genes of somatic cells can be manipulated to modify a disease in an individual. If genes in germ cells are modified, a genetic disease may be prevented in progeny as well. In this essay, we will consider some of the scientific, social, and ethical issues associated with such genetic therapies. (Robert George, 2008) Genetic engineering is any process in which an organism’s genome is intentionally altered. Genetic engineering does not encompass traditional breeding techniques because it requires manipulation of an organism’s genes through cloning or transformation via the addition of foreign DNA. This process has five steps: Isolation of the genes Insertion of those genes into a transfer vector (a virus or a plasmid used as a conduit) Transfer of the vector to the organism to be modified Transformation of that organism’s cells Separation of the genetically modified organism (GMO) from organisms that have not been successfully modified. (Kathy, 2010) Genetic engineering is the direct alteration of individual genotypes. It is also called recombinant DNA technology or gene splicing, terms which are used interchangeably. Human genes can be inserted into human cells for therapeutic purposes. In addition, because all species carry their genetic information in DNA and use the same genetic code, genes can be moved from one species to another. (Pratik, 2007) Despite the everyday progresses of medicine solutions for human health, today cancer is still one of the biggest challenges for humanity. Thanks to the advancements in prevention and in treatment, the survival rate has been improved in the last few years. However, cancer remains one of the main causes of death worldwide with 8.2 million of death occurred in 2012. It is estimated that by 2020, there will be between 15 and 17 million new cases of cancer every year, 60% of which will be in developing countries. In economical developed countries the burden of cancer is a result of population aging and growth as well as an increasing adoption of cancer-associated lifestyle choices including smoking, physical inactivity, and ‘‘westernized’’ diets. Cancer, as definition, is the uncontrolled growth of cells that can occur in any type of tissue and, at the late stage, these cells lose their adhesion capacities and migrate to healthy tissues. Other than surgical treat ment, the different options are all based on a mechanical or pharmacological killing action against cancer cells, possibly avoiding the side effect damages of healthy cells. (Marco et al, 2015) Nanotechnology is one of the best promises to attack cancer cells more specifically, effectively and to reduce undesired side effects. In other terms, nanotechnology can be used to transport drugs to a specific site using specific keys such as antibodies. Moreover, in the context of developing innovative theranostics, nanomaterials could be used for imaging as a diagnostic tool and, at the same time, to stimulate and control the release of drugs in the cancer site. In the recent years numerous nanomaterials have been explored for potential theranostic applications for cancer therapy thanks to their properties. Compared to traditional molecular contrast agents or drugs, nanomaterials can be engineered to improve and integrate multiple functions in a single system also to give the control of drugs release, being of hope for the building of a next generation of anticancer tools i.e, Graphene. (Shanmugam, 2014) Materials and Methods Gene therapy is defined as â€Å"the treatment or prevention of disease by gene transfer† and involves the genetic modification of human cells by introducing one or more new genes. There are two types of gene therapy somatic and germ line: †¢ Somatic cell gene therapy involves the genetic modification of any cells in a patient’s body apart from the reproductive cells (egg and sperm). The intention is to confine changes to the individual being treated and the parts of the body where the illness is experienced (such as the lungs with cystic fibrosis) so the genetic alteration should not be passed on to the patient’s children. Somatic cell gene therapy is the only form that is permitted in this country. †¢ Germ line gene therapy involves genetically modifying a fertilised egg and therefore will affect not only the individual that develops from it, but also their offspring and successive generations. Because no actual therapy of an individual is involved, it is more accurately called germ line gene transfer. Although germ line genetic modification of plants and animals is now commonplace, germ line genetic modification of humans is currently banned in this country. This is in line with an existing world-wide consensus that such techniques should not be allowed because of the serious ethical and health implications of modifying the human germ line. (Mountain, 2000) In vivo is the working on germ line gene therapy within an organism. In vitro is related to the somatic cell gene therapy outside the organism i.e, in Lab. Restriction Enzymes Restriction enzymes are enzymes used to cut DNA at specific sites. There are several hundred restriction enzymes currently known and each cuts DNA at a different nucleotide sequence; these target sites are generally about four to eight nucleotides long. Each of these restriction enzymes is a normal product of a particular bacterial species, and most are named after the bacteria from which they are derived. Each species’ restriction enzyme cuts the DNA from other species, but not its own, because its own DNA does not contain the nucleotide sequence that is the target site for its own enzyme. (Pratik, 2007) Methods of DNA transfer Various methods of DNA or gene transfer are as follows; (Sukharev, 2010) Human Gene Therapy At present, the only human tissue that can be used effectively for gene transfer is bone marrow. No other cells (except, perhaps, skin cells) can be extracted from the body, grown in culture to allow insertion of exogenous genes, and then successfully reimplanted into the patient from whom the tissue was taken. In the future, as more is learned about how to package the DNA and to make it tissuespecific, the intravenous route would be the simplest and most desirable. However, attempting to give a foreign gene by injection directly into the bloodstream is not advisable with our present state of knowledge since the procedure would be enormously inefficient and there would be little control over the DNAs fate. Studies are considerably more advanced with bone. Patients with serious genetic diseases have little other hope at present for alleviation of their medical problems. Arguments that genetic engineering might someday be misused do not justify the needless perpetuation of human suffering that would result from an unnecessary delay in the clinical application of this potentially powerful therapeutic procedure. (Anderson and Fletcher, 2010) Arguments against Human Germ line Gene Therapy The ethical arguments against the use of a human germline gene therapy fall into three categories: Potential clinical risks The broader concern of changing the gene pool, genetic inheritance of the human population Social dangers. Ethical Issues Results In recent years, a variety of techniques have been developed to identify genes associated with specific diseases. Since 1990, when the first protocols for gene therapy were approved, over 100 new research protocols have been initiated for a variety of diseases, In the case of somatic cell therapies, the nature of a particular disease and other factors determine the specific cells targeted for genetic manipulation. Target cells have included lung, liver, white blood, endothelial, and cancer cells. All research to date has involved somatic cells, and the techniques used make improbable the spread of altered genes to germ cells. However, it seems likely that we will ultimately be able to alter the genes of germ cells, so that whatever changes are made are passed on to the subjects’ progeny. In current therapies (all of which are somatic cell), vectors are used to introduce new genetic material into target cells. Vectors are agents to which new genetic material is attached. A lot of betterment and efficiency have been observed by the implementation of the methods of gene therapy in curing disorders. Hence, gene therapy along with the genetic engineering plays an important role in the health care of human as well besides the animals and plants. The point is, it is just taken under a limitation by some of the organizations regarding to some ethical issues otherwise it is the futute treatment of all the diseases. Conclusions Gene therapy not only brings the prospect of treatments for previously untreatable illnesses, it may also enable the prevention of certain diseases through the correction of genetic disorders. However, it is clear from gene therapy under development that, in the short to medium term, most gene therapy will not be used for prevention but for developing more effective ‘genebased’ treatments for cancer and AIDS. Although gene therapy has been heralded as a major breakthrough in medical science, it also carries the potential for abuse and for commercial imperatives, not human need, to drive its progress. The demands of industry in maintaining investor confidence may increase the dangers to patients through secrecy and poor supervision. Placing too much emphasis on genes as the determining factor in health and disease may lead to prolongation of suffering as a result of other underlying causes being neglected. It may also give rise to new insidious practices of genetic discrimination in areas such as employment, insurance and health care. Avoiding the pitfalls whilst reaping the benefits of gene therapy is the challenge for politicians and regulators. Crucially, society must not be overcome by ‘genetic determinism’ or ‘genetic thinking’ and the hype of the biotechnology companies if health care issues are to be addressed effectively. References Sade RM, Khushf G., 2008, Gene therapy: Ethical and social issues, Carolina Med Assoc. 94(9):406-410. Kathy Wilson P., 2010, Biotechnology and genetic engineering, pg.12 Pratik Satya, 2007, Genetic Engineering and genomics, pg.95-122. Mountain A., 2000, Human Gene Therapy: A cure for all ills, Tibtech, 18: 119-128. Anderson and Fletcher, 2010, human Gene Therapy, Scientific and ethical considerations, The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 10:275-291. Marco Orecchioni, Roberto Cabizza, Alberto Bianco and Lucia Gemma Delogu, 2015, Graphene as Cancer Theranostic Tool: Progress and Future Challenges, Theranostics, 5(7): 710-723. Shanmugam V, Selvakumar S, Yeh CS., 2014, Near-infrared light-responsive nanomaterials in cancer therapeutics, Chemical Society reviews; 43: 6254-87. Sukharev, SI, Klenchin, VA, Serov, SM, Chernomordik, LV Chizmadzhev, YA., 2010, Electroporation and electrophoretic DNA transfer into cells. The effect of DNA interaction with electropores. Biophys, 63 (5):1320-1327.

Human Rights vs. Sovereignty :: Human Rights Essays

The massive, protracted bombing of Serbia was "the first offensive action for NATO, and the first time that Allied armed forces were unleashed against a sovereign nation with which the United States was not formally at war or without express authorization by the United Nations Security Council," observes Stephen Presser, professor of law at Northwestern University. "What we were doing in the Balkans is part of the post-Vietnam creation of a new set of doctrines of international law. These doctrines lack clearly defined limits," he warns. "We may be witnessing the opening moves in the forging of a New Global order that fundamentally impairs national sovereignty and allows possessors of superior military force to dictate the basic terms of domestic life to other nations without even the formalities of conquest." In the current issue of Orbis, a quarterly publication of the Foreign Policy Research Institute (fpri.org), Presser argues that the real reason for NATO's bombing of a sovereign nation "appears to have been to compel Belgrade to cede autonomy, if not territory, to a minority ethnic group. What is there, then, in the United Nations charter or in international law that would authorize our action in the Balkans," he asks, "and what, if any, are the reach and the limits of our new doctrine of Humanitarian Intervention? The UN Charter seeks to secure both the protection of 'fundamental human rights' and the 'equal rights' of 'nations large and small,'" Presser notes. "The Charter clearly undertakes to protect the territorial integrity and the sovereignty of individual nations, and seems to preclude interference in a nation's domestic affairs unless the Security Council declares a situation a threat to 'international peace and security' and expressly authorizes int ervention. While the UN and its agencies expressed official concern about what went on in the Balkans," he affirms, "the Security Council did not authorize intervention in Kosovo by UN or NATO forces." Presser points out that "a series of international law doctrines wholly outside the UN Charter authorize interference by one state in another's affairs. These have included military actions to protect one's own citizens who are within another's borders, and there have been several armed interventions by individual or groups of nations purportedly to protect the rights of minorities in particular or human rights in general, whether or not the individuals to be protected were citizens of the intervening nations.

Essentialism: Gender Role

This summary is not available. Please click here to view the post.

Administrative Assistant

Ace the Interview Secretary/Administrative Assistant If youre new to the professional arena, chances are you may be new to interviewing as well. These tips from Best-Job-Interview.com can help you practice your answers and prepare to face your interview with poise, wit, and composure.First off,   review your resume and cover letter and have anecdotes from your work background- even if youre making a career change or only have informal internship experience- ready to go when prompted. Be able to talk specifically about what you did in your last position and how that prepares you to meet the challenges of this prospective job.Here are some common questions you might face on interview day.What made you apply for this job?The answer to this one should not be Because I need money, even if thats the honest truth! Identify some aspects of the jobs responsibilities or the company itself that make you most excited to join their team. Do you see it as part of your long-term goals? Do you pride yourself on providing excellent customer service? Have you always wanted to work for a major media outlet?What motivates you?Again, the right answer here is not $$$$! Be wary of potentially prejudicial responses- employers are legally not allowed to ask about age, marital status, or whether youre a parent, but many people reveal this information too casually in questions like these. Its sexist and nonsensical, sure, but to be on the safe side, come up with an answer about your drive, or your enthusiasm for the industry, or a mentor/role model who inspires you.What qualities do you consider most important in a secretary or administrative professional?Refer directly to your resume if you need examples for this one! You can also memorize some of the requirements from the job posting and rattle those off to show you understand the company culture and are ready to rise to their expectations.What are some of your strengths and weaknesses?This is a time for medium honesty. Be confident about your strengths, for sure- particularly if you k now you have references who will agree that youre a dynamic go-getter with poise and a professional attitude. Then,  perform that age-old weaknesses spin where you highlight your perfectionism or the fact that youre so eager to do well that sometimes you need help with prioritizing tasks.What did you enjoy the most, and the least, about your last job?Your answer to this question should reveal something about your attitude towards work in general, but shouldnt devolve into complaints about your last job. After all, if youll complain  about your previous employer, theres nothing to suggest you wont complain  equally freely about your next one.The absence of challenges, support, or adequate benefits is a pretty safe one, or if there were no long-term opportunities for you there.An employer wants to hear that you have real-world experience, that youre an effective employee, and that you can think creatively  about different job contexts. For example, my first job out of college, my main work experience was as a Teaching Assistant and as an employee of Build-a-Bear Workshop. I was able to demonstrate that hosting a birthday party for ten sugared-up 9-year-olds was pretty similar to shepherding a dynamic list of titles to publication, to the amusement of the editors who were interviewing me. Hey, I got the job!

Eighteenth Century Life in Papal Rome essays

Eighteenth Century Life in Papal Rome essays The book, Daily Life in Papal Rome in the Eighteenth Century, by Maurice Andrieux, is an enlightening piece of work that describes how the Romans lived; how they thought about life; and how the leadership of the Popes ruled and the different personalities toward the Church. The information and descriptions about the Popes were quite interesting. The author describes the day-to-day life with vivid details of the people and the scenery. It also examines the lives of the Popes during the eighteenth century in a most realistic way. The author, Andrieux describes the Pope's strengths and weakness in a very colorful manner. One truly gets a realistic feeling of what it was like to live in Papal Rome. In a very unbiased way, the author showed how the people of Rome lived during the Eighteenth Century. Although one can feel the French connection and that his side might be impartial on some of his chapters since he is from French descent. The color of Rome was one of superb glamour. It was like no other place in the world. Most people would be surprised and shocked about how Rome was during the Eighteenth Century. They were very sinful and found ways to rationalize their behavior in this period. The other story is the changing times around Papal Rome and how the French revolution destroyed the culture, which always changed Rome. The lifestyle was something of the Arabian nights, and Holy Communion all rolled into one. The Book, really explains how the Italian people of today came to be the way they are. Maurice Andrieux is a French historian who has written many books and whose historical articles have been published in French magazines and journals. He has received some awards from the Academia Francaise for his work in historical writings. In summarizing the book, eighteenth-century Rome was a beautiful place to live, in which time has seemed to have past by. It was like living in the past and enjoying the special things that Rome ha...

The IOM Future of Nursing report related to the nursing workforce Essay

The IOM Future of Nursing report related to the nursing workforce - Essay Example Importance of the IOM â€Å"Future of Nursing† Report Nurses practice in various settings such as schools, retail health clinics, battlefields, public health centers, long-term care facilities, homes, and hospitals. They have differing levels of competencies and education in the entire nursing sector. The committee put into consideration nurses at all levels including their settings, education levels, and roles in an attempt to envision the profession’s future (Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, 2011). The Future of Nursing report is very important since it addresses some of issues facing nurses such as differing education and competency levels. Several barriers obstruct the nurses from responding effectively to the rapidly transforming health settings as well as the evolving health care system. The barriers have to be overcome to make sure that nurses are in a good position to advance health and lead change. Apart from seeking to remove these barriers, the report recommends the improvement of the nursing education system. This is because patients’ needs are becoming more sophisticated and thus, the nurses have to attain requisite competencies in order to deliver care that is of high quality (Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, 2011). ... Some of the main issues raised by the report are that nurses should practice to the greatest extent considering their training and eductaion; and that the education system that is in place to train nurses should be improved so as to encourage higher training and education of nurses for better servieces(Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, 2011). In this respect, the report recommends that varous boards, government bodies, accrediting societies and healthcare organizations should support nurses during their residency once they have successfully completed the prerequisite courses or when they are taking new areas related to clinical pratice. In addition, the report recommends that the proportion of nurses holding a baccalaureate degree should be inreased from 50% to 80% and the number of nurses with a doctorate dregree doubled by 2020 (Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, 2011). In order to achieve this goal, academic nurse leaders should join forces and partner with other organizations to establish a workforce that is responsive to the diverse healthcare needs of the population. Furthermore, the report notes that nurses should participate fully in redisigning the country’s health care. Yet again, the report notes that better information collection and infrustructure is valuable if effective policies have to be made and the workforce properly planned. The Intent of the Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action The Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action represents an exceptional initiative to tackle the elevated demands for care by using all the talents, experience, skills, and knowledge of nurses. The main aim of the Campaign for Action is to manage the implementation of the IOM landmark report recommendations. The campaign

Analyse the economic arguments of an independent central bank Essay

Analyse the economic arguments of an independent central bank - Essay Example It must be remembered that while affecting this right to any amount of degree the State is also assuming responsibility for the value of legal tender to an equivalent extent. Maintaining internal and external value of legal tender money is a function of inflation targeting and appreciation/depreciation of currency. Whether such critical monetary policy outcomes be left independent in the hands of Central Bank professionals or be merrily dictated by elected politicians who are often not trained in such trade. We discuss this and concomitant issues in paragraphs below. The most preferred and often cited argument favoring an independent central bank is that the power to expend money should be separated or delinked substantially from the power to create money. In case these two capabilities converge we have spendthrift governments indulging in fiscal profligacy while the Central Bank simply acts as a 24/7 mint or currency printing house. State control over the ability to create money has resulted in several episodes of economic mess. Even in the days of the ancient Roman Empire the tax collection by state officers in the form of silver coins ended up being melted and corrupted with inferior metals. This gave Caesar substantial money to divert to his luxuries and such spending was a multiple time of what came in as collected tax. The result was a spiraling inflation as now more coins vied for smaller stock of market wares. In todays monetary systems running on paper, plastic and electronic money the Roman story has been repeated quite often. The Latin American inflations are fable material with inflation rates sky rocketing often to 200% or more. In some extreme cases what was affordable at twilight became unaffordable by daylight. With complex and fine lending and borrowing of money as investible funds, interest rates have turned indicators that are pliable in the hands policy makers or dictators as the case may be.Government, myopic with political